Vita Zilburg, Freie Universität Berlin
Abstract
The
scope of T.S. Eliot scholarship is almost beyond grasp. Yet since
the 1960's, most of the extensive studies on his poetic work are
devoted to the later oeuvre. All the more so, if we take a look at the
research on his early poetics in general, and the role of time as a
central theme and characteristic of this poetics in particular. Yet one
cannot speak of time and poetry without referring to meter or
rhythm. Some prominent studies elaborate on the prosodic structure
of Eliot's poetry (M.M. Barry, 1969; Gardner, 1949; Hartman, 1980;
Finch, 1993), others on Eliot's conception of time, with a strong
emphasis on Henri Bergson's influence on the latter (Moody, 1979; Gish,
1981; Childs, 1991). Yet the correlation between rhythm, time and
poetics in Eliot's early oeuvre was thus far not thoroughly
examined.
In the proposed paper I would like to elaborate on
the correlation between rhythm and time in Eliot?s early poetics,
and by doing so to suggest another perspective not only on the craft of
Eliot's design, but also on the interrelation and compatibility
between rhythm and meaning in a study of poetics in general.
As former research indicates, time and temporality play a central role
in Eliot's poetics - the early and all the more so in the later
one. This premise will serve therefore as one of the central
starting points for my study. Eliot's first compilation of poems Prufrock and Other Observations
(1917) will stand in the center of the discussion, and the analysis
shall try to articulate T.S. Eliot's early conception of time not via
philosophical categories (as it had been examined in the various studies
thus far) but rather from a philological point of view, which places
the aesthetic effects of the text in the center of attention. The
tension between sections written in free verse and those written in
traditional meter as an indicator of shift in meaning will stand in the
center of discussion. That is while starting out from the assumption
that such shifts frequently occur in those places which are closely
engaged with time (as theme and device), and thus shed light
on aspects otherwise gone unnoticed.
The mode of
argumentation will follow closely Finch's theoretical approach to meter,
or what she refers to as "metrical-code" and Hollanders "frame theory".
By doing so I shall examine the proximity and interface of those
theoretical approaches with the apprehension of citation in literary
research in general and in the study of poetics in particular. Thus
re-evoking the debate around meter, poetic matter, self-preferentiality
and the study of aesthetics. I shall take my theoretical
inclusions to the more extreme by means of a comparative perspective
from the German literature, namely the poetics of Paul Celan. Very much
like Eliot's poetry, Celan's poetics is also closely engaged with time.
Yet unlike Eliot's poetry, which beyond any doubt poses the reader a
most evident intellectual challenge, Celan poetics is not only
intellectually and culturally challenging - it is hermetic. By
referring to world literature I do not only wish to offer a comparative
perspective (though the latter bears of course great interest on its
own), but rather to examine rhythm as one the central devices which
enable an intelligible access to any poetics that is closely engaged
with time.
Bibliography
Celan, Paul. Poems of Paul Celan, translated by Michael Hamburger, 3rd edn, Anvil, 2007.
Childs, J. Donald. "T.S. Eliot's Rhapsody of Matter and Memory." American Literature, 63.3 (1991): 474-488.
Eliot, T.S., Prufrock and Other Observations, 1917.
Finch, Annie. The Ghost of Meter, University of Michigan Press, 1993.
Gish, Nancy K. Time in the Poetry of T.S. Eliot: a Study in Structure and Theme, Barnes & Noble, 1981.
Hollander, John. Vision and Resonance: Two Senses of Poetic Form, Oxford University Press, 1975.
Menninghaus, Wienfried. "Zum Problem des Zitats bei Paul Celan und in der Celan-Philologie," in: Paul Celan. Herrausgegeben von Werner Hamacher und Winfried Menninghaus. Suhrkamp, 1988: 170-221.